Prevalence and Risk Factors of Chronic kidney disease in Maiduguri, northeastern Nigeria:A community-based study

Abstract

Introduction: Chronic kidney disease is a public health problem of global concern, ranked 11th most common cause of mortality in the world. Its prevalence and risk factors are increasing. However, the disease remained poorly studied in northeastern Nigeria. Objective: This study aims to determine the prevalence and risk factors of chronic kidney disease in Maiduguri, northeastern Nigeria. Methodology: A total of 1,686 adult inhabitants were randomly selected from 10 wards of Maiduguri. Their socio-demographic and relevant clinical data were collected and entered into a well-structured questionnaire. Blood and urine samples were also collected from each participant. Glomerular filtration rates were estimated using the CKD-EPI equation. Participants who had eGFR < 60ml/minute were considered to have CKD. Results: Out of a total of 1,686 study participants, CKD was found in 366 participants (21.7%), out of whom 218(59.6%) were females (χ2 = 17.598, p= 0.0001). There were 90 (5.4%) study participants in stage IIIB, 79(4.8%) were in stage IV and 45(2.7%) were in stage V. Using multiple logistic regression analysis; risk factors for CKD among our study participants were: (1) Age (r = 0.971, p = 0.0001), (2) Female sex (r = 0.997, p = 0.0001), (3) BMI >25Kg/m2(r = 1.498, p = 0.0005), (4) Hyperuricaemia (r = 0.997, p = 0.0001), and (5) Systolic hypertension (r = 1.608, p = 0.012). Conclusion: Chronic kidney disease is common among residents of Maiduguri, northeastern Nigeria. Further intervention studies are needed to evaluate the impact of controlling the identified risk factors on the prevalence of CKD in Maiduguri.